Neighbourhood-aware counter-based broadcast scheme for wireless ad hoc networks

Broadcasting is a vital operation in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and it is crucial to enhance its efficiency to ensure successful deployment. Although flooding is ideal for broadcast operations due to its simplicity and high reachability it suffers from high packet collision which can degrade network performance severely. Counter-based broadcast schemes have been introduced to alleviate the limitations of flooding. This study introduces an enhancement to counter-based broadcast by adjusting the threshold value and the Random Assessment Delay (RAD) using minimal neighbourhood information

Muslim family law and practices: perspectives CEDAW

Equality and justice in the Muslim family law are the necessary elements as these uses a holistic framework that integrates Islamic teaching, universal human rights, national constitutional guarantees of equality, and lived realities of women and men. Islam and human rights collectively argues for equality within the Islamic legal system. As such, recognizes the compatibility between concepts of equality and justice in Islam and in international human rights standards, including the Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) adopted in 1979. Many states parties to the CEDAW Convention assert that they cannot fully implement CEDAW because it is in conflict with Shari’ah, or that laws or practices cannot be changed because they are divine or based on the Qur’an. The full implementation of CEDAW is possible, as the principles of equality, fairness and justice within CEDAW and Islam are fully compatible and reform of laws and practices for the benefit of society and the public interest (maslahah) has always been part of the Muslim legal tradition. This study attempts to provide an overview of the general approach of the equality principles, including responses to several of the common arguments or justifications made by traditional scholars and their disciples about why they fail to fully implement the provisions of CEDAW in Muslim family law

Entrepreneurial development issues and challenges in Sri Lanka: a case study of women-owned businesses in Ampara district

Women Entrepreneurship has become a prominent role in Sri Lankan Economy. Entrepreneurs & Entrepreneurship is the talk of town, everybody is discussing about entrepreneurship. Government has started new courses and modules in entrepreneurship education. So many training centers have been developed to nurture natural talent of entrepreneurs. Government is seeing entrepreneurship the only solution of its increasing employment demand and that‘s true. But, still it is a question where the so called women have been empowered in proper way to nation‘s development. A number of further research directions and questions are posed as a way of extending the knowledge in this area. So, this paper aims to identify the issues and challenges for women owned start-ups as well as on-going businesses in Ampara District. This was exploratory approach in semi-structured questionnaire and face-to-face interviews with 291 women owned entrepreneurs from manufacturing, retail, handicraft and other service sector using convenience sampling techniques from non-probability sampling method. Findings suggest that, entrepreneurship becomes crucial role in the development of economy. But, Women entrepreneurs envisage many problems while operating their businesses. Lack of entrepreneurial qualities such as self-confidence, risk taking ability, need for achievement, dual role to play at business and at home, lack of awareness of facilities provided by the business development services institutions, competition with large scale units, problems related to marketing, lack of access to finance and lack of access to technology are some of them. The role of women entrepreneurship is inevitable in any country. Now a day, women enter in almost all professions such as trade, industry, engineering, technology. They are willing to take up business and contribute to the nation‘s development. Thus, there role is being recognized and steps are being taken empower and promote female entrepreneurship

The relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction of employees: special reference to AMES Textiles (Pvt.) Ltd. in Ampara

The study focused to investigate the effect of occupational stress on job performance of employees of AMES Textiles (Pvt) Ltd (name changed), in Dehiaththakandiya, Ampara, Sri Lanka. The study identified first the definition and components of occupational stress and job satisfaction and negative relationship between the occupational stress and job satisfaction. The two objectives of this study was, to examine the relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction and identifying the level of occupational stress and job satisfaction. The selected sample for the study contained 152 employees in the company. The required data was collected by distributing a questionnaire developed using five point Likert Scale from those selected sample. The level of measurement of the variables was interval and the relevant statistical techniques for these measures under univariate and bivariate analysis. Data analysis was conducted by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The outcome of study found there was a negative significant relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction and there were high level of occupational stress and low level of job satisfaction. Finally, the study recommended that the top management of the company must give more attention to develop strategies to reduce the stress for upgrading the job satisfaction of their employees

an empirical study at Nintavur, Sri Lanka

The issue of poverty, and particularly that of poverty alleviation, is given much emphasis in various national and international arenas, since the declaration of the Millennium Development Goals by the United Nations in 2000. The declaration focuses strongly on alleviating world poverty within the next decade. However, Islam provides Islamic tool that has completely proved in combating poverty. According to this, the objective of the study is to evaluate the role of Zakat in alleviating poverty in Nintavur divisional secretariat area. Survey conducted between the year 2010 and 2014. The study takes the form of qualitative, quantitative and descriptive analysis and depends on structural questionnaires, focus group discussion and key informant interviews which are both primary and secondary. The result indicates that the Zakat has played important role in taking out Muslims from poverty trap in the research area, Nintavur. Moreover, this research draw up few recommendations such as aware the people on Zakat, implement collective Zakat and the importance of training and skill development to promote and encourage Zakat for further effectiveness on eradicating poverty

A Systematic Review of the Critical Factors for Success of Mobile Learning in Higher Education (University Students\u27 Perspective)

The phenomenon of the use of a mobile learning (m-Learning) platform in educational institutions is slowly gaining momentum. However, the enthusiasm with which mobile phones have been welcomed into every aspect of our lives is not yet apparent in the educational sector. To understand the reason, it is important to understand user expectations of the system. This article documents a systematic review of existing studies to find the success factors for effective m-Learning. Our systematic review collates results from 30 studies conducted in 17 countries, where 13 critical success factors were found to strongly impact m-Learning implementation. Using these results within the framework of the diffusion of innovation model for innovation adoption and the critical success factors together help us see what aspects of the innovation decision process are the likely causes of the reduced take-up of m-Learning by university students